Abstract Background Sex-specific pathology of coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been recognized. Women with obstructive or nonobstructive CAD associated with traditional risk factors have similar events; no studies have explored both populations in association with genetic markers. Objective To evaluate the DD genotype in overweight menopausal women and its association with CAD and traditional risk factors. Method This cross-sectional study included 356 menopausal women who underwent coronary angiography as CAD assessment. The patients’ DNA was extracted and polymorphisms were detected with a single polymerase chain reaction assay. Two groups were formed based on luminal lesions (normal [n = 134] or pathological [n = 222]) with a cutoff value > 30%, considering overweight and age. The chi-square test, Student’s t-test, and multivariate logistic regression were performed as appropriate (p < 0.05) using the following variables: overweight, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking status, sedentary lifestyle, and a family history of CAD. Results The mean age of the sample was 63 + 8 years, and the mean BMI was 28 + 5 kg/m2. The DD genotype was slightly more prevalent in the pathological group (30.2% vs. 21.6%, p = 0.079), but this significantly changed when BMI > 25 was considered (33% vs. 18%, p = 0.012). In multivariate analysis with two threshold levels (> 50 and > 60 years), diabetes was significantly associated with CAD in both models (p = 0.021 vs. 0.009) but the genotype was only associated with younger age (p = 0.034). Conclusion These data support an association between atherosclerosis and the renin–angiotensin system in overweight menopausal women that is dependent on the age at which the ischemic event occurs.

Abstract Hedychium coronarium J. Koening, belonging to Zingiberaceae family, is a perennial herb with fleshly aromatic rhizomes. There are no information about the antiplatelet properties of essential oils (EOs) from rhizomes (HCR) and leaves (HCL) of this herb, additionally, there are reports about the antibacterial activity of the Zingiberaceae species, however, no studies have been carried out in the Colombian Amazon Region. The EOs were characterized by GC-MS, the antiaggregant activity was assessed by ADP and Collagen as platelet agonist and the antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and S. aureus were evidenced by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). A high content of oxygenated monoterpenes were found in HCL essential oil (EO) and 20 compounds were identified in HCR EO. The HCL EO showed antiaggregant activity when collagen was used and HCR EO showed a concentration-dependent activity against ADP and collagen, meanwhile only the HCR EO showed antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and S. aureus.

Resumen En Colombia se ha desarrollado un sistema de estratificación de viviendas basado en las características físicas del inmueble y su entorno, con el fin de establecer tarifas diferenciales a servicios públicos. Diversos estudios de transporte usan esta clasificación como variable sustituta del ingreso del hogar debido a la facilidad relativa para obtener dicha información. Este artículo realiza una evaluación del estrato como variable explicativa del ingreso del hogar desde la perspectiva de estudios de transporte. Se estimaron modelos de regresión logit ordinal para Bogotá, Medellín, Cali y Barranquilla, usando el ingreso como variable dependiente y el estrato del hogar como variable independiente. Se encontró que a pesar de que existe una correlación positiva entre el estrato y los ingresos del hogar, esta relación depende de ciertas características del hogar como su tamaño, la disponibilidad de vehículo y la proporción de trabajadores y estudiantes. Estos resultados se validaron mediante la comparación de modelos de generación de viajes por hogar. Al incluir los atributos significativos de las regresiones ordinales, se obtienen ajustes similares para modelos de generación de viajes con ingreso y estrato, lo que indica que usar el estrato como sustituto del ingreso puede ser adecuado, siempre y cuando se controle previamente la correspondencia entre las variables de las características del hogar.

Abstract In Colombia, a socioeconomic stratification (SES) system of households based on the physical characteristics of the dwelling and its surroundings is implemented in order to set subsidies to public services. Many studies use this classification as a proxy variable for the household income, mainly because of the ease to retrieve data. This investigation proposes an evaluation of the SES as an explanatory variable for the household income. Ordered logit regressions were estimated for the cities of Bogotá, Medellín, Cali and Barranquilla, where the dependent variable corresponds to the SES. Even though there is a positive correlation between SES and household income, the relation depends on certain characteristics of the household as it size, vehicle availability and percentage of workers and students. The results were validated by comparing trip generation models. By including the significant attributes from the ordinal regressions, trip generation models with income and SES had similar fit, which suggests that using the SES as a proxy variable for the income, might be appropriate as long as their correspondence is checked according to household characteristics.

El cáncer de mama en hombres es una enfermedad poco frecuente, en Colombia la incidencia estimada anual es de 1 caso por cada 1.000.000 de habitantes, lo cual es significativamente menor que en otros países. Objetivo: Describir la presentación clínica, histopatológica, tratamiento inicial y recaídas de pacientes de sexo masculino con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología entre el periodo 1996 a 2011. Resultados: La población del estudio fue de 27 pacientes. Los principales síntomas reportados por los pacientes fueron masa y dolor. La mayoría de los pacientes (89%) presentaban un estadio clínico localmente avanzado (IIIB y IV). El tipo histológico ductal NOS fue el más predominante (82%). Se encontró resultado de receptores hormonales en 22 de los 27 pacientes, de los cuales 19 (86%) eran positivos. El porcentaje de pacientes llevados a cirugía fue del 71% (20 pacientes), la técnica quirúrgica utilizada en 17 de los 20 pacientes fue la mastectomía radical modificada. En todos los pacientes sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico fue realizado vaciamiento axilar y resección del CAP. La mediana de seguimiento de los pacientes fue de 8,9 meses. Dos pacientes presentaron recaída sistémica. Ninguno de los pacientes presentó recaída locorregional. Conclusión: Presentamos una serie de pacientes con cáncer de mama en hombres, lo cual es una entidad de baja incidencia. Nuestros pacientes se presentaron principalmente en estadio avanzado, en una proporción mayor a lo descrito en otras series latinoamericanas. Aunque la biología tumoral encontrada representa factores de buen pronóstico, no concuerda con el hecho de que la mayoría de tumores sean avanzados.

Breast cancer in men is a rare disease in Colombia, with an estimated annual incidence of 1 case per 1,000,000 habitants, which is significantly lower than in other countries. Objective: To describe the clinical presentation, histopathology, initial treatment and relapse of male patients diagnosed with breast cancer at the National Cancer Institute between 1996 and 2011. Results: The study population was 27 patients. The main symptoms reported by patients were mass and pain. Most patients (89%) had locally advanced clinical stage (IIIB and IV). NOS ductal histological type was the most prevalent (82%). Hormone receptor was found in 22 of 27 patients, of whom 19 (86%) were positive. The percentage of patients undergoing surgery was 71% (20 patients), and the surgical technique used in 17 of the 20 patients was modified radical mastectomy. Axillary dissection and resection of the CAP was performed on all patients who underwent surgical treatment. The median follow up of patients was 8.9 months. Two patients had systemic relapse. None of the patients had locoregional relapse. Conclusion: A case series is presented of male patients with breast cancer, which is a disease of low incidence. Our patients are mainly presented in advanced stages, a greater proportion than that described in other Latin American series. Although tumour biology found good prognostic factors, it is not consistent with the fact that most tumours are advanced.

RESUMEN El suero costeño elaborado utilizando como cultivos iniciadores las combinaciones 30:70 y 40:60 de Lactobacillus paracasei: Lactococcus lactis, presentaron la menor sinéresis y la mayor viabilidad, además no existen diferencias significativas en el análisis sensorial con el producto artesanal, por lo cual pueden ser utilizadas como cultivos iniciadores para elaborar Suero Costeño a nivel industrial.

ABSTRACT The suero costeño made of ratio combinations 30:70 and 40:60 with Lactobacillus paracasei: Lactococcus lactis could be used as starter culture because the syneresis is low, and viability is improve and there´s no significantly differences in sensorial analysis using the artisanal whey. The quality, safety and acceptability of traditional suero costeño may be significantly improved through the use of starter cultures.

RESUMO O soro costenho elaborado usando como fermentos combinações 30:70 e 40:60 de Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactococcus lactis, teve a menor sinérese e mais viávilidade, existem também diferenças significativas na análise sensorial com o produto artesanal, assim pode ser usado como fermentos para o desenvolvimento de toda a indústria de soro Costenho.